What is meant by the term 'algal bloom'?

The term 'algal bloom' specifically refers to a sudden and often rapid increase in the population of algae in surface water, usually driven by favorable conditions such as high nutrient availability, warm temperatures, and sunlight. This phenomenon can lead to significant changes in water quality and can create harmful effects, particularly when certain types of algae produce toxins that can affect aquatic life and pose risks to human health.

Algal blooms are typically characterized by their prolific growth and can result in visible discoloration of water bodies, often giving them a greenish or reddish hue depending on the type of algae flourishing. The factors that contribute to algal blooms, such as nutrient runoff from agricultural land or urban areas, highlight their environmental significance and the need for effective management practices to prevent their occurrence.