What is the function of a buffer zone in environmental management?

A buffer zone in environmental management serves primarily to protect an area from pollutants, making it crucial for preserving ecosystems and maintaining environmental quality. These zones are typically established between a potentially harmful activity, such as urban development or industrial operations, and sensitive environmental areas, like water bodies, wildlife habitats, or agricultural land.

By acting as a protective barrier, buffer zones help in filtering out contaminants and reducing the impact of pollutants that may originate from nearby activities. For instance, vegetation within a buffer zone can absorb some of the pollutants and prevent them from reaching nearby ecosystems. Additionally, these zones can help manage stormwater runoff, which further diminishes the risk of pollution.

While other options may appear relevant in different contexts, they do not align with the primary function of buffer zones. Urban development, tourism, and industrial expansion do not inherently focus on pollution protection but rather on economic growth or recreational purposes. Thus, the function of buffer zones is specifically geared toward environmental protection, which underscores the correctness of the chosen answer.