Why is biodiversity important in ecosystems?

Biodiversity is essential in ecosystems primarily because it contributes to ecosystem resilience and stability. A diverse range of species ensures that various ecological functions can be performed efficiently and effectively. For example, a healthy ecosystem with multiple species can better withstand environmental stresses, such as climate change, diseases, or invasive species. When biodiversity is high, different species can fulfill different roles—such as pollinators, decomposers, and predators—leading to a more balanced and functional ecosystem.

Moreover, ecosystems with a rich variety of life forms are more likely to recover from disturbances. If one species is affected by a change in the environment, others may fill the gap, ensuring that ecological processes continue. This resilience is vital for maintaining food security, clean water, and other resources that humans rely upon.

In contrast, options suggesting a decrease in species or uniformity overlook the importance of variety in contributing to ecological health and functioning. The idea that biodiversity is irrelevant to ecological balance fundamentally misunderstands the interconnectivity of species and their roles within ecosystems, which rely heavily on diversity for stability and resilience.